Hadoop is an open source software framework for distributed
storage and distributed processing of large data sets on commodity hardware. We
can know more about Hadoop in wiki Apache_Hadoop.
It is designed to process bid data in a distributed
environment across large number of computers in parallel.
Hadoop uses HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) for
distributed storage and MapReduce for distributed processing.
For list of Hadoop Ecosystem, refer Hadoop Ecosystem.
Who uses Hadoop
Most of the companies uses Hadoop. Some of the top most companies
are Facebook, Amazon, Ebay, IBM, Yahoo, etc.
For alphabetical list of institutions that using Hadoop can
be found in this page.